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Research: Who offends and how often?
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Who offends?
The statistics do appear to indicate that most child abuse in general is perpetrated by parents. In fact, if exposure times are to be taken into consideration, it may even be the case that parents have an abnormal tendency to abuse or have sex with their children.
- US Department of Health and Human Services (2006). Child Maltreatment 2006, chapter 3, Victims by Perpetrator Relationship.
- 82% of child maltreatment (or more) involved a parent. 17% was known to involve a non-parent.
- Howard N. Snyder, Ph.D (2000). Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics, USDOJ/National Center for Juvenile Justice.
- "Nearly all of the offenders in sexual assaults reported to law enforcement were male (96%). Female offenders were most common in assaults against victims under age 6. For these youngest victims, 12% of offenders were females, compared with 6% for victims ages 6 through 12, and 3% for victims ages 12 through 17. Overall, 6% of the offenders who sexually assaulted juveniles were female, compared with just 1% of the female offenders who sexually assaulted adults. (...) The age profile of offenders varied with the age of the victim (figure 7). Juvenile offenders assaulted 4% of adult victims, while adult offenders assaulted 67% of juvenile victims."
- [PDF]
The Juvenile Court and Delinquency Cases
futureofchildren.org/futureofchildren/publications/.../06_03_03.pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
by HN Snyder - 1996 - Cited by 11 - Related articles
Howard N. Snyder. Abstract ... N. Snyder,. Ph.D., is director of sys- ... example, lack of parental supervision, avail- ..... individual characteristics such as alienation, ... - [PDF]
Child Victimizers: Violent Offenders and Their Victims
www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/CVVOATV.PDFFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
Frances, Ph.D., and Marianne Zawitz of BJS and to ... and Howard N. Snyder of the National. Center for ..... mediate family member, parent, or sib- ling had ever ... Wineskins - Dr. Howard Snyder - Parables
www.wineskins.net/bio.htmHoward A. Snyder serves as Professor of Wesley Studies, at Tyndale Seminary ...Howard earned the Ph.D. in historical theology at the University of Notre Dame ...About EZAJCS
www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/ezajcs/asp/aboutjcs.aspHoward N. Snyder, Ph.D. [former Project Director] Anne L. Stahl [former Project Manager] Terrence A. Finnegan [former Senior Computer Programmer] ...JRSA: Justice Research and Policy
www.jrsa.org/pubs/journal/editors.htmlNancy Rodriguez, Ph.D. Arizona State University, Howard N. Snyder, Ph.D. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Consulting Editor. Timothy S. Bynum, Ph.D. Michigan ...Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement ...
www.dsj.org/node/5076Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics by Howard N. Snyder, Ph.D. for the U.S. ...Therapeutic Jurisprudence Contents Page: Child Custody Evaluators
www.thelizlibrary.org/therapeutic-jurisprudence/William Hamilton Ayres (N) * Breffni Barrett, Ph.D. * Sidney Brown, Ph.D.* Janelle L. ...Howard Weinberg, Ph.D. .... [www.parental-alienation-awareness.com/ ...You've visited this page 4 times. Last visit: 10/11/11PASRailroadingchildabusevictims: warning b4uact Research: Who ...
pasrailroadingchildvictims.blogspot.com/.../warning-b4uact-research-...Sep 10, 2011 – Parental alienation is often times used against child abuse ... 17% was known to involve a non-parent. Howard N. Snyder, Ph.D (2000). ...- [PDF]
James Austin, Ph
www.aca.org/publications/pdf/bios10.pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
member of the President's Parents Advisory Council on Youth Drug Abuse. ... Howard N. Snyder, Ph.D., is chief of recidivism and special projects for the Bureau ... Child Abuse—Prevalence/research—articles - MINCAVA Electronic ...
www.mincava.umn.edu/categories/870Parental Alienation Syndrome and Parental Alienation: Research Reviews (pdf) ...Howard N. Snyder, Ph.D., National Center for Juvenile Justice
- "Nearly all of the offenders in sexual assaults reported to law enforcement were male (96%). Female offenders were most common in assaults against victims under age 6. For these youngest victims, 12% of offenders were females, compared with 6% for victims ages 6 through 12, and 3% for victims ages 12 through 17. Overall, 6% of the offenders who sexually assaulted juveniles were female, compared with just 1% of the female offenders who sexually assaulted adults. (...) The age profile of offenders varied with the age of the victim (figure 7). Juvenile offenders assaulted 4% of adult victims, while adult offenders assaulted 67% of juvenile victims."
Juvenile offending: The fallacy of "Special Treatment"
Some liberals, academics and advocates for SOR reform have argued that juvenile sexual offenders against minors are a "special case", requiring "special treatment" because they offend on a less frequent basis and are easier to "cure". Whilst the former is demonstrably false, it should also be noted that juvenile sexual offenders against minors are significantly more likely to re-offend than their adult peers. This does not apply to sexual or child sexual crimes in particular, however.How often?
The actual prevalence of abusive sexual behaviours with children has been exaggerated by overbroad definitions.- Haugaard, J.J. (2000). "The challenge of defining child sexual abuse," American Psychologist, 55(9), 1036-1039.
- "For example, some researchers have considered children to be those below the age of 18 (Russell, 1983; Wyatt, 1985), those below the age of 17 (Finkelhor, 1979; Fromuth, 1986), or those below the age of 16 (Wurr & Partridge, 1996). In addition, defining the term sexual behavior has been difficult. Although some behaviors are considered sexual by almost everyone (e.g., intercourse, genital fondling), there is less agreement about other behaviors, such as bathing children or sleeping with them. Finally, controversy also exists about the meaning of the word abuse. Some have argued that abuse, as used in scientific research, indicates the presence of harm (Rind, Tromovitch, & Bauserman, 1998) and that, consequently, child sexual abuse may not be an appropriate term to describe adult–child sexual encounters from which no demonstrable harm can be observed. [...] First, studies have reported higher prevalence rates with broad definitions than they would have with more restricted definitions. For example, some studies with community samples have reported that as many as 50%–60% of girls are sexually abused by an adult before the age of 18 (Russell, 1983; Wyatt, 1985). These high rates raised public concern about child sexual abuse, and this increased concern may have resulted in many abused children and their families receiving services that might not have been available otherwise."
The Leadership Council - Custody Myths
www.leadershipcouncil.org/1/res/cust_myths.htmlDetermining which parent should have primary custody when parents cannot agree is ...Schuman (2000) reviewed research that found a range of 1-5% for rates of ...experienced childhood physical and/or sexual abuse (Feerick & Haugaard, 1999). .....The most popular of these syndromes, "Parental Alienation Syndrome. ...- [DOC]
Vitae (.doc) - Emery on Divorce
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William T. Grant Foundation, 2000-2004, Consequences of Parental Divorce for Adolescents and Young Adults: A ..... Goodman, G., Emery, R.E., & Haugaard, J. (1998). .... Parental Alienation Syndrome: Proponents Bear the Burden of Proof. ... Stalking - Psychology Wiki
psychology.wikia.com/wiki/StalkingParental alienation. Psychological .... In "A Study of Stalkers," Mullen et al (2000) identify five types of stalkers: ..... Haugaard, J. J., & Seri, L. G. (2003). Stalking ...PASRailroadingchildabusevictims: warning b4uact Research: Who ...
pasrailroadingchildvictims.blogspot.com/.../warning-b4uact-research-...Sep 10, 2011 – Parental alienation is often times used against child abuse victims ...Haugaard, J.J. (2000). "The challenge of defining child sexual abuse ... Click here
www.jmcraig.com/subscribers/cumidx_1-4.txt... 1(1), 2000 Haugaard, J.J., Digest, 2(2), 2001 Heard, H.E. see King, ...... Bases ofParental Alienation Syndrome, Briefs, 1(2), 2000 Ethical Issues in ...IPT Journal - "Child Sexual Abuse: The Sources of Anxiety Making ...
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Aug 3, 2011 – ... 1988; Friedrich, 1990; 1993; Haugaard, 2000; Haugaard and Emery,..... its target and managed to alienate the very people it could have relied on to .... Thisparental and community discomfort has not gone unnoticed by other adults. ..... Freyd,J. J., Putnam, F. W., Lyon, T. D., Becker-Blease, K. A., Cheit, ...Resources for ... - Falsely Accused of Physical Abuse or Molestation?
falsely-accused.net/falsely-accused-resources.htmlLamb, M.E., Orbach, Y., Sternberg, K.J., Hershkowitz, I. & Horowitz, D. (2000). Accuracy of ..... The parental alienation syndrome and the differentiation between fabricated and genuine child sexual abuse. ..... Haugaard, J.J. & Tilly, C. (1988). ...- [PDF]
WHOM DO I BELIEVE: EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
www.peterellis.org.nz/.../2001-1006_Conference_Freckelton.pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
Oct 6, 2001 – the behaviour and evidence of children - parental alienation syndrome and child sexual abuse accommodation ... 12 However, in a remarkable turn-around, in the 2000. “addendum” ..... Haugaard and Repucci regarded the principal flaw of the .....Gleeson CJ, Grove and Abadee JJ found that much of what ... - [PDF]
Articles 183
www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/english/1845.pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
by MA Marin - 2010 - Related articles
children's development (Kelly, 2000). However, the .... Haugaard, 1999), though it should also be borne in mind that children ... so-called Parental Alienation Syndrome, or PAS. (Gardner ..... Feerick, M. M. & Haugaard, J. J. (1999). Long-term ... - [PDF]
Letter of Intent 1 Running head: LETTER OF INTENT Letter of Intent ...
library.athabascau.ca/drr/download.php?filename=gcap-loi/...pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
depend upon the co-occurrence of childhood abuse (Feerick & Haugaard, ... Geller (2000) found that a high incidence of witnessing parental violence has .... Feerick, M. A., & Haugaard, J. J. (1999). ... The ``alienated`` partner: Responses to ...
- "For example, some researchers have considered children to be those below the age of 18 (Russell, 1983; Wyatt, 1985), those below the age of 17 (Finkelhor, 1979; Fromuth, 1986), or those below the age of 16 (Wurr & Partridge, 1996). In addition, defining the term sexual behavior has been difficult. Although some behaviors are considered sexual by almost everyone (e.g., intercourse, genital fondling), there is less agreement about other behaviors, such as bathing children or sleeping with them. Finally, controversy also exists about the meaning of the word abuse. Some have argued that abuse, as used in scientific research, indicates the presence of harm (Rind, Tromovitch, & Bauserman, 1998) and that, consequently, child sexual abuse may not be an appropriate term to describe adult–child sexual encounters from which no demonstrable harm can be observed. [...] First, studies have reported higher prevalence rates with broad definitions than they would have with more restricted definitions. For example, some studies with community samples have reported that as many as 50%–60% of girls are sexually abused by an adult before the age of 18 (Russell, 1983; Wyatt, 1985). These high rates raised public concern about child sexual abuse, and this increased concern may have resulted in many abused children and their families receiving services that might not have been available otherwise."
- World Health Organization (1986). "Child sexual abuse: report on a consultation, Copenhagen, 11-12 December 1985."
- "In all studies most of the cases are single incidents of indecent exposure, propositions to do something sexual which are rejected by the child, and brief genital touching. Offenses involving some degree of force or prolonged or repeated abuse by the same person have been experienced by about one percent of the populations studied."
Abduction
Stereotypical child abductions by strangers are incredibly rare, even in countries where mass media have incited the most fear. Again, broad definitions of "missing" have contributed to a hyping of fears regarding abduction.- Andrea J. Sedlak, David Finkelhor, Heather Hammer, and Dana J. Schultz. U.S. Department of Justice. "National Estimates of Missing Children: An Overview" in National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, October 2002.
- Of the 800,000 children who were reported missing that year, half turned out to be runaways.
- Most "abductions" turned out to involve family members.
- Only 115 of all the cases reported involved abduction by a stranger
Fact Sheet for Family Court Professionals
www.stopfamilyabductionsnow.org/family_court.htmlTo break emotional ties with the left-behind parent and perpetuate their own control, ...A parent feels alienated from the legal system and has family/social support in ...Heather Hammer, David Finkelhor, and Andrea J. Sedlak (October 2002). ... L. Grasso, Andrea J. Sedlak, Janet L. Chiancone, Frances Gragg, Dana Schultz, ...- [PDF]
Family Court PDF set-up
www.stopfamilyabductionsnow.org/PKF_Family_Court.pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
by a parent or family member, over 78 percent of all child ... MINCAVA Electronic Clearinghouse
www.mincava.umn.edu/categories/854by JM Sadusky
Parental Alienation Syndrome and Parental Alienation: Research Reviews (pdf) .....Heather Hammer, David Finkelhor, and Andrea J. Sedlak ... Kathi L. Grasso,Andrea J. Sedlak, Janet L. Chiancone, Frances Gragg, Dana Schultz, and Joseph ...PASRailroadingchildabusevictims: warning b4uact Research: Who ...
pasrailroadingchildvictims.blogspot.com/.../warning-b4uact-research-...Sep 10, 2011 – Parental alienation is often times used against child abuse ....Andrea J. Sedlak, David Finkelhor, Heather Hammer, and Dana J. Schultz. ...Criminal Justice Reference: catal66
www.scribd.com/doc/1204988/Criminal-Justice-Reference-catal66Jan 22, 2008 –- [DOC]
NCJ Number:
www.juvenilecouncil.gov/materials/RunawayTLP.docFile Format: Microsoft Word - Quick View
Andrea Sedlak, David Finkelhor, Heather Hammer, and Dana J. Schultz. ...... byparental abuse and neglect, alienation, multiple out-of-home placements, ... References - OJJDP - Model Programs Guide - DSO
www2.dsgonline.com/dso2/dso_about_references.aspxSedlak, Andrea J., David Finkelhor, Heather Hammer, and Dana J. Schultz. ......"Alienation: A Cause of Juvenile Delinquency." Adolescence 25(98):435–40. .... Davies, Heather, and Howard A. Davidson. 2002. Parental Involvement Practices .
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