It asks: at what point should children be given their own voice and have their self determination respected?

Children of divorce who reject a parent and refuse visitation: Recent research and social policy implications for the alienated child

Johnston, Janet R
In: Beyond the horizon: conference handbook: 11th National Family Law Conference, Gold Coast, September 2004. Melbourne, Vic: Television Education Network, 2004, p219-234, figure

A small proportion of children whose parents have divorced develop strong negative attitudes towards one of their parents. This paper critiques parent alienation syndrome theory and reformulates it as the alienated child. It models factors that contribute to alienation and presents supporting evidence from recent research findings. The paper then discusses whether or not children need a relationship with both parents, whether children who reject a parent are at risk for future emotional or psychological disorders, and whether they need court ordered treatment. It asks: at what point should children be given their own voice and have their self determination respected?
http://www.aifs.gov.au/afrc/bibs/parentalalienation.html